La intolerancia a la incertidumbre en el autismo / Intolerance to uncertainty in autism

Partimos de las evidencias que confirman una mayor vulnerabilidad a la ansiedad de las personas con autismo para preguntarnos en qué medida la intolerancia a la incertidumbre media en dicha ansiedad. Además, las alteraciones de las habilidades predictivas en el autismo podrían explicar la coherencia existente entre mayor intolerancia a la incertidumbre y algunas particularidades inherentes al autismo como los patrones de comportamientos, intereses y actividades restrictivos y estereotipados, y las particularidades en el procesamiento de la información sensorial. Esta información nos permitirá desarrollar intervenciones centradas específicamente en este constructo para la prevención y mejora de la sintomatología ansiosa en el autismo en los casos en los que la severidad de la intolerancia a la incer tidumbre constituya un factor de riesgo significativo.

We start from the evidence that confirms a greater vulnerability to anxiety in people with autism and to wonder to what extent the intolerance to the uncertainty mediates in that anxiety. In addition, the alterations of the predictive abilities in autism could explain the coherence between greater intolerance to uncertainty and some peculiarities inherent in autism such as patterns of restrictive and stereotyped behaviors, interests and activities, and particularities in the processing of sensory information. This information will allow us to develop interventions specifically focused on this construct for the prevention and improvement of anxiety symptoms in autism in cases that the severity of intolerance to uncertainty constitutes a significant risk factor.

Alterações sensoriais em respiradores orais: revisão sistemática baseada no método prisma / Sensory changes in mouth breathers: systematic review based on the prisma method

RESUMO Objetivo: Revisar, na literatura, estudos que abordem alterações nos sistemas sensoriais apresentadas por respiradores orais. Fonte de dados: A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, BIREME, LILACS, Web of Science e Scopus. A busca foi realizada independentemente por dois pesquisadores, seguindo os critérios de seleção. Foram selecionados artigos originais que abordaram a respiração oral e as alterações nos sistemas sensoriais publicados nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. Os artigos de revisão da literatura, as dissertações, os capítulos de livros, os estudos de caso e os editoriais foram excluídos. Síntese dos dados: Foram encontrados 719 artigos, dos quais 663 foram excluídos pelo título e 22 pelo resumo. Trinta e quatro manuscritos foram analisados, dos quais 23 estavam repetidos e 8 foram excluídos pelo texto lido na íntegra. Assim, três artigos foram selecionados para esta revisão. Conclusões: A maioria dos estudos apresenta a ocorrência de alterações dos sistemas sensoriais em crianças respiradoras orais. Contudo, observa-se maior preocupação na avaliação da recepção sensorial. Além disso, a avaliação dos sistemas sensoriais foi realizada de forma não padronizada, o que pode ter acarretado resultados menos precisos na população estudada.

ABSTRACT Objective: To review, in the literature, information regarding changes in the sensory systems of mouth breathers. Data sources: The search was conducted in the following databases PubMed, BIREME, LILACS, Web of Science and Scopus. The search was independently carried out by two researchers, following the selection criteria. Original articles that approached mouth breathing and changes in sensory systems published in Portuguese, English and Spanish were published. Literature review of articles, dissertations, book chapters, case studies and editorials were excluded. Data synthesis: We found 719 articles. Among them, 663 were excluded by the title and 22 by the summary. Among the 34 analyzed manuscripts, 23 were repeated and 8 were excluded by reading the full text. Thus, 3 articles were selected for this review. Conclusions: Most studies presents the occurrence of changes in sensory systems in mouth breathing children. However, sensory reception is a matter of more concern. Besides, the evaluation of sensory systems was not standardized, which may have led to less precise results in the studied population.

Déficit de integración sensorial: efectos a largo plazo sobre la ocupación y el juego / Sensory integration dysfunctions: long term effects on occupational performance and play

El impacto de los déficit de integración sensorial sobre las ocupaciones ha sido ampliamente descrito en niños. Sin embargo, su efecto a largo plazo, en adolescentes y adultos, ha permanecido más velado. Este documento enfoca las consecuencias de este problema en el futuro del individuo, que deben ser tomadas en cuenta por la Terapia Ocupacional al tratar a niños con déficit de integración sensorial. Respecto a la influencia del déficit de integración sensorial sobre las ocupaciones futuras, podemos apreciar dos tipos de patrones. El primero, de búsqueda de sensaciones y actividades de alto riesgo, aparece en personas que durante su infancia han presentado hiposensitividad en el sistema vestibular y propioceptivo, y dificultades de modulación. El segundo, de desorganización, se observa en individuos que presentaron dificultades en programación motora o dispraxias. Estos patrones deben ser identificados temprano en la vida, para que la intervención tenga un impacto en la narrativa futura del niño.

The impact of sensory integration dysfunction on the occupational performance of children has often been described, however the long term impact of these dysfunctions on the life of adolescents and adults is seldom mentioned. The present article focuses on the possible long term consequences of sensory integration dysfunctions derived from the literature. These long term consequences need to be considered when providing occupational therapy for children. In reference to the long term effects of SI dysfunctions two patterns emerge from the literature: sensation seeking, often observed in individuals who exhibited signs of hyporesponsiveness to vestibular and proprioceptive input and sensory modulation disorders as children; and the second, clumsiness and disorganization that is observed in individuals who exhibited signs of dyspraxia as children. These patterns need to be identified early in life so intervention can affect the child's .future narrative.